Agranulocytes the white blood cell functions Role in Immune Response.
Functions of White blood cells the Agranulocytes in providing immunity.
The granulocytes white blood cells functions are to provide protection against the infection from bacteria, fungi and viruses, Agranulocytes also protects against parasitic infestation. Also white blood cells protect our body from foreign particles’ invasion into blood and our body as well as cancerous cells.
Following are the functions of each type of white blood cells.
Granulocytes: Eosinophils Basophil Neutrophil.
Group of white blood cells are called granulocytes due to the granular appearance of its cell. They are called Eosinophils Basophil Neutrophil based on the type of dye they get stained during examination. Eosinophils get stained with dye eosin, an acidic dye. Basophile get stained with basic dye. Neutrophils get stained with a neutral type of dye, for microscopic examination.
Function of Eosinophils:
Eosinophils are responsible for allergy, patients with asthma have increased eosinophil count. Eosinophils are responsible for protection of our body from multicellular and unicellular paralytic infection. Eosin releases enzyme peroxidase which kills the parasite.
Eosinophils are rich in enzymes peroxidase, ribonuclease (RNase), deoxyribonucleases (DNase), lipase, plasminogen, and major basic protein. When they sense an infection they release these enzymes and trigger an immune response along with basophils and neutrophils. Enzymes and free radicals secreted by eosinophils are responsible for asthma exacerbation.
After activation of Eosin with allergic or parasitic infection, reactive oxygen species like peroxides are produced by action of eosinophil peroxidase. These reactive molecules are also harmful to pulmonary tissue and cause damage causing asthma and pneumonitis.
Eosinophilic pneumonia is a condition which is caused by infiltration of Eosinophils in the pulmonary parenchyma caused by paralytic infection or dust allergy.
Drugs available for treatment of Eosinophilic pneumonia: Glucocorticoid, prednisolone chlorambucil, vincristine hydroxuria. Dug Methotrexate induced pneumonitis.
Functions Mast Cell:
Mast Cell is not a blood cell or it’s not a white blood cell but it has a role similar to Agranulocytes Basophile and Eocinophile and Neutrophils. Mast cell belonging to tissues and connective tissues Its located in the tissue these cells are rich in granules which releases heparin and histamine, these cells protect our body from paralytic infections.
Functions of Basophils:
Basophils are responsible for allergic reactions and processes of inflammation during immune response and allergic diseases like Anaphylaxis and asthma. Atopic dermatitis.
Basophils secrete histamine and serotonin which regulates the inflammatory and immune reactions and heparin which prevents blood coagulation. Basophiles also secretes leukotrienes (LTD-4), cytokine and interleukin 4 which is responsible for allergic reactions and production of Immunoglobulin E, Ig E. Basophil count goes down in Urticaria associated with autoimmune disease. Increased in case of leukemia.
Neutrophils the White Blood Cells Functions :
Neutrophils are called so due to their characteristic staining with neutral dye, they form about 35 to75 % of the total white blood cells, with a life span of half day to 6 days. Their nucleus is divided in two to three lobes.
Neutrophils eat up the bacterial and viral cells and kill them; the process is called phagocytosis. Eosinophil migrate towards the site of tissue damage following chemical signals called chemotaxis inflammation, and accumulate at the site of tissue injury and prevent further bacterial infection by phagocytosis.