Nanotechnology can be defined as a technology which deals with manipulation, study, and designing and developing particles, bio-molecules of the size more than 1 nm and less than 100 nanometer, with the intention of modification enhancement or lowering a particular property of a molecule or a particle, which can be used in developing a device or molecule .Nanotechnology involves developing materials or devices in the size range of 1 nm to 100 nanometer. At this scale quantum mechanical effects have very important implications in the quantum realm; nanotechnology controls the properties of material on an atomic level.
A serious cause of concern about nanotechnology is its safety and hazardous effects on environment and health, nanomaterial is required to be handled with special care and requires special methods for its disposal.
Drugs that use nanotechnology are also required to qualify for its effectiveness and safety, safety studies are very important factors as so far there is not enough data of drugs developed using nanotechnology and tested for safety.
In pharmaceuticals nanotechnology has wide applications some of which are given below.
1. Targeting a drug to a particular tissue, to, enhancing absorption of a drug molecule in a particular tissue
2. To reduce degradation of a drug and enhance bioavailability and reduce untoward toxic effect of a drug molecule.
3. To enhance the microbial stability of a product
4. In cosmetics zinc oxide nanoparticles are used to increase its antimicrobial properties , and titanium dioxide nano particles effectively block UV rays in both cases concentrations required are very low compared to conventional use.
5. Nanoemulsions for increasing the absorption of a drug molecules.
6. To develop molecules as tracer marker compound to identify the toxic and untoward effects or spilage
Here is an classic example of application of nanotechnology in developing nanoemulssion of insuline.
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