Botulinum toxin (Botox) injection (onabotulinumtoxinA) is approved by US FDA for treatment of chronic migraine to prevent headaches in adult patients which are associated with migraine. OnabotulinumtoxinA, marketed as Botox and Botox Cosmetic.
Botulinum toxin is a toxin prodced by Clostridium botulinum Botulinum toxins is extremely neurotoxic agent, but has very great value in treating some of neurological disorders and diseases which are difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents, here in the discussion Chronic Migraine.
Botulinum toxin blocks neuromuscular transmission ,by blocking neurotransmitter like Acetyleholine (Ach) by binding on receptor site , taming the excitatory effect of neurotransmitter partially or completely which is considered one of the pathway for effectiveness of botulinum toxin as a medication to correct the disorders associated with nervous system it self.
Following are some of applications of Botulinum toxin in medicine
Botox Cosmetic is used to improve frown lines at the recommended dose, Botulinum toxin is also used in Muscle spasms, Upper motor neuron syndrome, Cervical dystonia , Sweating, blepharospasm, or strabismus
Botulinum toxin get destroyed due to denaturation at temperatures above 60°C (140°F),
Brief Information about Migraine
Migraine is neurological syndrome, a disease condition that result in severe headaches, and nausea, altered bodily perceptions, migraine headache is typical and characterized by pain in half of the head , pulsating that lasts for 4 to 72 hours.
Symptoms include : Phonophobia (increased sensitivity to sound), photophobia (increased sensitivity to light) ,nausea, vomiting.
Chronic migraine is a state of repeated occurrence of migraine individual with chronic migraine suffer with severe headache repeatedly , this affects the individuals professional ,social and personal life.
Causes of migraine are attributed to several mechanisms important ones amongst them are disorder of the serotonergic control system , hormonal imbalance, or irritation and inflammation of nerves and blood vessels in brain, it is also said to be due to genetic disorder, about 75 percent of adult patients are women, and young prepubescent individuals ,most of the treatments for migraine includes treatment with analgesics for the headache, an antiemetic for the nausea.
Botox is currently approved for treatment of chronic migraines, Botox is required to be administered approximately every 12 weeks as multiple injections around the head and neck to try to dull future headache symptoms. Botox’s effectiveness is not assessed for the treatment of migraine headaches occurring in 14 days or less per month, or for other forms of headache. It is advised that patients should discuss with their physician about suitability of Botox is for them.
The most common adverse reactions observed in patients treated for chronic migraine were neck pain and headache.Treatment with botox may result in symptoms similar to those of botulism , as a result of spreading of botulinum toxin from the area of injection to other areas of the body. Toxin do not spread if has been used at the recommended dose to treat chronic migraine.
BOTOX is manufactured by pharmaceutical company Allergan Inc , Congratulations Allergan Inc.
=====================================================================================================
Do you know now this website has become a most popular and most referred website in pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical manufacturers from all over the world ,for almost all topics related to Pharmaceutical Manufacturing , Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (c GMP guidelines ) and latest news and new drugs developments.
=====================================================================================================
You may also like following articles
Whar is Referance Listed Drug ? ( RLD )
What is Pharmaceutical Equivalents
What is Pharmaceutical Alternatives
What is Therapeutic Equivalents
Do Physical properties contribute to drug activity.
What is drug receptor , How a drug resistance occurs
Drug interaction, and its examples
What is first pass metabolism of a drug
What is What is 510(k) Clearances ?
Premarket Notification for medical devices – PMN or 510(k)
Antibiotic Definition and classification
Antibiotic resitance and Antibiotic resistance mechanism
Vitamin D Details on FDA cautions on accurate dosage of Vitamin D
What is an antibody? what is monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?
Terminologies In vaccine Production
Multi stage testing of Virus vaccine production
Testing of vaccines at different stages of production
TESTING FOR ADVENTITIOUS AGENTS CELL PROPERTIES IN VIRAL VACCINE PRODUCTION
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA
http://whoguideline.blogspot.com/2010/04/terminalogy-and-their-explanations.html
Pharmaceutical Aseptic Manufacturing Process Terms , Terminology and Definitions.
http://whoguideline.blogspot.com/2010/02/pharmaceutical-aseptic-manufacturing.html
Here are some articles which will be useful for you in further understanding of aspects of sterile dosage form manufacturing and regulatory affairs and good manufacturing practice in
Types of validations in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Requirements of documents for validation of sterilisation process
How to investigate OOS out of specification results
Determination of Phenol coefficient of a disinfectant
Time limitations in sterile pharmaceuticals processing
Aspects of validation of manufacturing process in sterile pharmaceuticals
Controlling Pyrogens in injectable dosage forms
Media fill run process simulation aspects Validation of Aseptic Process and Sterilisation
New Drug Application (NDA) how to make a New Drug Application (NDA) to US FDA
How to make Investigational New Drug (IND) Application to US FDA
Drug applications submission to us fda Over the counter Drugs OTC drugs
BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE REQUIREMENTS
Electronic record in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
Good manufacturing practice in pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceutical industry pharmaceutical companies and FDA latest updates
Here is an interesting article on world wide pharmaceutical industry and making a carrier in one of pharmaceutical companies article on Pharmaceutical Industry pharmaceutical industry
Find a Job in Pharmaceutical Company
To Find Pharmaceutical jobs and make a Pharmaceutical careers see here pharmaceutical companies
Here are some interesting articles on Quality assurance systems for pharmaceutical company
1.Quality assurance in pharma industry
2.Quality by designe concept for pharmaceutical industry
3.Quality by designe concept in pharmaceutical industryan explanation