Month: June 2023
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Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia Vera (PA)/ Erythrocytosis: What is Polycythemia Vera? Why uncontrolled red blood cells are produced in polycythemia Vera? Polycythemia Vera is a blood disorder, where in the red blood cells formation is abnormally higher. Polycythemia Vera is a rare blood cancer, It is caused due to mutation in the gene Janus kinase-2 (JAK2), due to…
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy approved by USFDA. Yesterday it was a golden day in the medical profession and Bio pharmaceutical development Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy was approved by USFDA. It has provided hope for life to billions of DMD affected children. Untill 22-06-2023 there was no treatment available for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).…
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High red blood cell count
Pathophysiology of High red blood cell count. Before understanding effect of High Red Blood Cell Count let’s See what is Normal Range of RBC. The Normal range of red blood cells in our body for male is 4.3 to 5.5 million per micro liter (µL) and for females it is 3.9 to 5.10 million red…
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Drug Drug Interactions
Drug Drug interactions. Drug Drug interactions are very important aspect of medication if one do not avoid drug interactions then medicines itself pose serious risk. Let’s look at the few cases of drug drug interactions in medicines prescribed to a patient. Which contained Diclophenac 50 mg in combination with Paracetamol 325 mg. The diclofenac is…
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Complete blood count CBC
Complete blood count CBC test: Complete blood count is abbreviated as CBC; it involves counting of the red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. The differential white blood cells count involves counting of the agranulocytes lymphocytes monocytes and granulocytes Neutrophils, Eosinophil, Basophils and platelets. Along with measuring hemoglobin. As well as observing the Physical…
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR. Relevance of ESR in diagnosis of diseases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a hematological test which measures the rate at which the blood cells sediment and settle down against the gravity when placed in a graduated standard ESR glass tube, placed vertically. The blood sample is treated with anticoagulants like EDTA or…
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Erythropoietin
Why patient affected with chronic kidney disease get anemia? Which medicines and diseases conditions are responsible for lower or no erythropoietin (EPO) secretion? Kidney Renal cortex peritubular cells also secrete erythropoietin a hormone which is responsible for production of red blood cells and in tern hemoglobin. Blood formation does not occur in patients with kidney…
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Diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori
Diagnostic Tests for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection. Diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori are based on the typical characteristics of H.Pylori. Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacteria with rod shape that is spiral just like helical, and has five flagella at one end. let’s see which are Diagnostic test for helicobacter pylori? Diagnostic test for…
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Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis and Ulceration and its treatment
Helicobacter Pylori the bacteria that stay alive in gastric acid and the bacterial infection that causes stomach ulceration and cancer. Pathophysiology of The ulceration in upper part of GI tract, duodenum and stomach caused due to Helicobacter Pylori infection and its treatment. Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid, the gastric parietal cells inside the stomach produce…
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Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Microcytic Hypochromic anemia caused due to Iron deficiency : In case of microcytic hypochromic anemia which is caused by Iron deficiency. The red blood cells produced are smaller in size and colour too is slightly lesser reddish as compared to normal red blood cells. Reason is obvious that the hemoglobin concentration is low. Therefore the…
Guidelines on Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Pharma Quality Assurance Quality Management System 